南方酸化红壤钾素淋溶对施石灰的响应

为探究石灰施用的长期和短期效应对酸化红壤钾素的影响，依托始于1990年的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益监测长期定位试验，选取化肥氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施+半量秸秆还田(NPKS)及其增加常量石灰（NPL、NPKL、NPKSL）6个处理。室内土柱淋溶试验设置0 L、0.5 L、1 L和1.5 L石灰施用量，监测田间和淋溶后0 ~ 50 cm土层速效钾和缓效钾含量、pH及淋溶液中钾离子（K⁺）含量的变化。结果表明：1）施用石灰4年后，与NPKS、NPK、NP相比，各处理均增加了相应土层的缓效钾含量；NPKSL和NPL处理分别增加了0 ~ 40 cm和0~10 cm速效钾含量，增幅分别为2.06 % ~ 36.39 %和27.26 %。2）石灰施用量相同，各处理土壤累积K⁺淋溶量由大到小依次为NPKS处理、NPK处理和NP处理。施用石灰减少了NPKS和NPK处理淋溶液中累积K⁺含量，降幅为18.10 % ~ 57.70 %，且K⁺淋溶率也下降。3）施石灰提高了表层土壤pH；土壤中钾素盈余情况下，石灰当季施用量每增加1 000 kg·hm^-2，K⁺淋溶损失率降低11.7%；施用石灰和施肥是显著影响平均淋溶K⁺量和K⁺累积淋溶量的主效应。可见，施用石灰的短期和长期效应均能提高表层土壤pH；减少速效钾在剖面的运移，增加剖面下层缓效钾的含量；土壤淋溶K⁺量、累积K⁺淋溶量和K⁺淋溶率均随土壤中速效钾含量的增加而增加，随施用石灰而降低。合理的石灰用量能够有效降低酸化红壤K⁺淋溶损失风险。     

ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC PUFAs)在母猪营养中的作用经常被人们研究,因为猪场的盈利能力主要取决于母猪的繁殖性能。根据以往的研究结果,母猪妊娠期喂食ω-3 LC PUFAs可以减少前列腺素的合成,提高胚胎存活率和仔猪初生重;哺乳期饲喂ω-3 LC PUFAs可以提高乳汁中EPA和DHA含量,改善哺乳仔猪肠道健康和断奶重。文章论述了LC PUFAs(主要是ω-3)对现代高产母猪繁殖性能的影响,为在生产实践中合理添加应用LC PUFAs,提高母猪生产性能提供理论参考。     

高粱光敏色素A基因的克隆、蛋白结构与长短日照诱导表达模式

光敏色素是一类红光/远红光受体,对植物光形态建成、外部形态和生理功能等方面起着重要的调节作用。为明晰光敏色素A在调控高粱光形态建成发育过程中的作用,本研究比较分析光温敏感程度不同的高粱品种Btx623、Rio、Tx430和LH645的PhyA基因序列和PHYA蛋白的保守结构域,利用qRT-PCR明确长短日照条件处理下PhyA基因的表达模式。结果表明,Btx623、Rio和Tx430之间PhyA基因序列存在非同义突变,LH645在PhyA基因的第7个外显子上插入了5 bp碱基序列;高粱PhyA蛋白中含有1个PAS-2结构域、1个GAF结构域、1个Phytochrome结构域、2个PAS结构域、1个组氨酸激酶A结构域和1个类似组氨酸激酶的ATP激酶结构;遗传进化树分析表明,单子叶和双子叶植物PhyA蛋白明显聚为2大类,高粱PhyA、谷子PhyA和玉米PhyA1、PhyA2聚为一个亚类,相互间亲缘关系较近,与水稻PhyA同源性相对较远;在短日照(SD)条件下各时期PhyA基因转录水平变化显著,Rio PhyA基因转录水平较Btx623和Tx430变化明显,LH645 PhyA基因转录变化不显著,在长日照(LD)条件下Rio PhyA基因转录水平低于Btx623和Tx430,LH645 PhyA基因转录水平变化不显著。以上结果表明,PhyA受光周期诱导,推测其在高粱光形态建成中起重要调控作用。本研究为进一步解析PhyA基因功能及其在调控高粱光形态建成发育过程中的作用提供理论基础。     

水杉长链非编码RNA分析

水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)是中国著名的一级保护植物,素有"活化石"之称。为了更好地保护和利用这一重要种质资源,本研究以水杉为实验材料,在全长转录组测序的基础上,利用四个软件对61057个Unigenes进行了蛋白编码潜能预测,最终获得3385个长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)分子。进一步对这些lncRNAs的长度和数量作统计分析,结果显示,最短为200 nt,最长为11134 nt,平均长度为1956 nt;大部分lncRNAs的长度介于200~2000 nt,占总量的59.5%;在2001~4000 nt的长度范围内,也发现较多的lncRNAs,达到总量的32.2%;在长度为4001~6000 nt的范围内,只有7.6%;长度超过6000 nt的lncRNAs很少,总共只有25个(占总量的0.7%)。本研究结果为水杉资源的保护和利用研究提供了一些分子依据,为其它植物在相关领域的研究提供了一些参考。     

不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合指标的影响

为了提高灵武长枣坐果率和单果质量,采用以色列专用肥(0.3%)、赤霉素(30×10-6)、爱乐壮(ALA、5-氨基乙酰丙酸)喷施处理大田种植的灵武长枣,测定其坐果率、光合速率、叶绿素含量、吊果量、单果质量等指标,分析不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合作用的影响。结果表明:1‰ALA处理下的坐果率提高近1倍,且叶绿素含量、单果质量均高于对照;以色列肥处理下灵武长枣叶片的水分利用效率比对照高40%左右。因此推荐将1‰ALA和以色列专用肥应用于灵武长枣的生产实践中。     

Effect of long non-coding RNA MEG3 on invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells

AIM: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3) in colorectal cancer(CRC) cells, and to observe the effect of MEG3 on the invasion and migration of CRC cells. METHODS: The levels of MEG3 in human normal colon cell NCM460 and CRC cells SW48 and LoVo were detected by real- time PCR. MEG3 was over-expressed by plasmid transfection, and the effects of MEG3 on the invasion and migration of SW48 and LoVo cells were analyzed by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) family proteins was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The level of MEG3 was down-regulated in CRC cells compared with normal colon cell NCM460. The invasion and migration of CRC cells were reduced after MEG3 over-expression. Transwell invasion and migration assays showed that the numbers of transmembrane SW48 and LoVo cells were smaller in MEG3 over-expression group than control group(CONCLUSION: The expression of MEG3 is down-regulated in CRC cells. Over-expression of MEG3 inhibits the invasion and migration of CRC cells. TIMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 might play an important role in this regulation.     

Soil carbon and nutrient pools in Douglas-fir plantations 5 years after manipulating biomass and competing vegetation in the Pacific Northwest

We assessed changes in mineral soil total carbon (C) and nutrient (exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, and total N) pools to 60 cm depth 5 years after manipulating biomass and competing vegetation at two contrasting Douglas-fir plantations (Matlock, WA, and Molalla, OR). Biomass treatments included whole-tree (WT) and bole-only (BO) harvest, and competing vegetation control (VC) treatments were applied as either initial or annual herbicide applications. There were main effects of biomass removal and VC on the absolute change in soil pools of some elements at both sites, but significant effects were more prevalent at the lower soil quality Matlock site than the Molalla site, and were generally confined to the top 15 cm of soil. In all cases, treatment effects were associated with increases in C and nutrients following BO and initial VC treatments combined with little change in soil pools following WT and annual VC treatments. At the Matlock site, total soil pools (0-60 cm) of C, N, and Ca significantly increased in the BO and initial VC treatments, and Mg increased and K decreased regardless of treatment. At the Molalla site, soil C and nutrient pools did not change in response to treatments, but total soil Mg increased in all treatments during the study period. Correlation analyses indicated little influence of soil nutrient pools on early growth at Matlock likely because soil water is more limiting than nutrient availability at that site, but vegetation growth was correlated to nutrient pools at Molalla indicating changes in pools associated with harvesting and treatment could influence crop development in the future. These early results indicate low potential for intensive management practices to reduce mineral soil pools of C and nutrients, but there is uncertainty on the long-term growth response because treatments may have influenced nutrient storage in pools other than mineral soil.     

车辆底盘集中加脂系统与长效润滑脂

汽车和轮式拖拉机底盘润滑点较多,维修保养时加脂点寻找和加脂都较困难。部分车辆底盘采用了自动集中加脂润滑系统,通过控制器控制润滑脂泵工作,将润滑脂提高压力,经分配器送至各润滑点,加脂量可根据润滑点摩擦副的负荷和相对速度的大小设定,消除了人工加脂的缺点。但底盘有的加脂点不适于采用集中加脂润滑,如万向节轴承等。汽车和轮式拖拉机底盘加脂润滑应更多采用长效润滑脂,努力实现一次加脂终身润滑的目标。